The Critical Role of Medication Management Before Surgery
2/6/2025
Olivia Bishop, Aspirus Pharmacy Resident
Managing medications
before surgery is a vital step to ensure patient safety and a smooth recovery.
Certain medications can increase the risk of complications, such as excessive
bleeding, blood clots, or unexpected reactions during the procedure. Understanding
which medications to stop—or adjust—is a critical part of surgical
preparation.
“Medications can
alter how your body works and increase your risk of complications during
surgery,” explains Olivia Bishop, a pharmacy resident at Aspirus Health.
“That’s why it’s so important to know which medications to stop and
when.”
Some drugs, such as
those used for diabetes and weight loss, can delay how quickly the stomach
empties. This can leave food in the stomach even after fasting, increasing the
risk of regurgitation or choking during surgery. Similarly, blood-thinning
medications, such as anticoagulants, can heighten the risk of excessive
bleeding if not properly managed.
Herbal supplements
and over-the-counter (OTC) medications can also increase the risk of
complications if not stopped before surgery. According to the National
Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), supplements like ginkgo
biloba, garlic, and melatonin may increase bleeding risks, especially when
combined with certain medications. Patients are generally advised to stop these
supplements at least two weeks prior to surgery, or as directed by their provider,
to reduce the risk of complications.
“If you take
anticoagulants, herbals or supplements, it’s important to talk to your
provider,” Bishop advises. “We want to ensure you aren’t putting yourself at an
increased risk of bleeding.”
Patients typically
receive detailed pre-operative instructions that outline which medications to
stop and when. If instructions are unclear or missing, Aspirus Health experts
urge patients to contact their surgeon or healthcare provider for clarification.
“Some medications
might be more dangerous to stop suddenly,” Bishop says. Medications like
antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs, and certain blood pressure treatments may
need to be continued or gradually tapered off under a doctor’s supervision.
“It’s always better to ask your surgeon or health care provider and get clear
guidance.”
Proactively
discussing your medications with your health care team is one of the best ways
to ensure a safe and smooth surgical experience.
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